{"created":"2023-07-25T10:28:52.726010+00:00","id":120,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"f2f4fd81-07d4-438e-9031-4f6b033ceeee"},"_deposit":{"created_by":1,"id":"120","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"120"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:hue.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000120","sets":["63:68"]},"author_link":["333","332"],"item_10006_date_granted_11":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dategranted":"2009-03-18"}]},"item_10006_degree_grantor_9":{"attribute_name":"学位授与機関","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreegrantor":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_name":"広島経済大学"}]}]},"item_10006_degree_name_8":{"attribute_name":"学位名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreename":"博士（doctor）"}]},"item_10006_description_17":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10006_description_7":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The regional economic integrations, bilateral trade agreements (BTAs), and other\ninternational strategic alliances have affected countries' dynamic comparative advantages\nand specialization. Whether there are systematic changes in the comparative advantage\nand specialization of trade in the East-Asian countries has been a crucial issue for the\nfuture development of the East-Asian economic integration. One of the most important\nissues in the international trade is exchange rate. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is a\nsimple empirical preposition that once converted to a common currency; national price\nlevels should be equal. In spite of the relatively large body of literature examining the\nPPP theory for developed countries, relatively few researches have studied the\nproposition for developing countries, which have various distinctive international policies\nand degrees of liberalization such as the East Asian countries.\nThis dissertation has a title: \"Shift in Comparative Advantage, Dynamic Market\nand Purchasing Power Parity in the East Asia\". The dissertation aims to examine\neconomic integration, comparative advantages and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of the\nEast Asian countries. It consists of 12 chapters. The all ten research questions are\nanswered in the entire ten chapters (Chapter 2-1 1). Chapter 1 is introduction. Chapter 2\ndiscusses the evolution of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). From\nthe background of establishment and the evolution in organizational structure of the\nASEAN, we find that the ASEAN has changed its focus from political to economic\ninterests. Parallel with the proliferation of economic regionalism in the world and the\nperiod of active trade liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s, the ASEAN has pushed\neconomic cooperation forward.\nChapters 4-7 and 1 1 deal with comparative advantage. In chapter 4, we analyze\nthe shifts in patterns of comparative advantage of the ASEAN5 (Singapore, Indonesia,\nMalaysia, Thailand and the Philippines) as a single entity, Japan, Korea and China\n(abbreviated as the ASEAN+3) by applying statistical method. The ASEAN countries\nhave shown the most dynamic change in the pattern of comparative advantage, followed\nby China, Korea and Japan. This chapter also indicates that comparative advantage must\nbe considered in the dynamic sense instead of static one. This is elaborated further in the\nfollowing three chapters (5-7) and Chapter 1 1. In chapter 5, we discuss a more theoretical\nissue on the relationship between a country's factor endowments and its comparative\nadvantage. We find that China, Indonesia and Thailand have comparative advantage in\nunskilled /aftor-intensive industries, meanwhile only Japan has comparative advantage in\ntechnology-intensive industries for the last two decades in East Asia. This chapter also\nindicates the dynamic specialization and recognition of the Flying Geese (FG) pattern in\nEast Asia, which is minutely examined in Chapters 6 and 7.\nThe dynamic specialization and convergence in trade patterns of the East Asian\ncountries are represented in Chapter 6. The East Asian countries have shown\ndespecialization together with convergence in their patterns of comparative advantage.\nThis indicates the existence of intra-regional trade in the region examined further in\nChapter 9. Chapter 7 analyzes the FG pattern in East Asia. We point out that the FG\npattern is recognized in the case of the East Asian region. The industries in the first round\nof the FG pattern are unskilled /a^or-intensive industries, followed by human capital\nintensive industries in the second round and technology-intensive industries in the third\nround. Chapter ll shows a case study i.e. structure of protection in Indonesian\nmanufacturing sector. This chapter uses the Indonesian Input-Output (10) tables and data\non tariffs to calculate a degree of protection, namely effective rate of protection (ERP) by\nBalassa (1971). Indonesian industrial and trade policies remind us of the statement of a\nsupporter of trade liberalization; 'good times mean bad policies and bad times mean good\npolicies'. Effective rate of protection (ERP) analysis shows that Indonesian\nmanufacturing sector has become more liberal after the Asian financial crisis.\nChapters 3, 8 and 9 are related to the dynamic market of East Asian countries. In\nChapter 3, we examine the regional trade in the ASEAN region. In inter-regional trade,\nthere have been shifts in the destinations of the ASEAN countries' exports. Although\nJapan, the EU and the NAFTA are still dominant trade partners, China (Mainland), Hong\nKong and Taiwan have increasingly become important destinations to the ASEAN\ncountries' exports. The intra-regional trade in the ASEAN region has been larger\n(intense) than expected, given the ASEAN's importance in world trade, excepting\nCambodia. Chapter 8 describes the analysis of the East Asian countries' dynamic export\nmarket. Constant Market Shares (CMS) method is applied. The constant share norm\nseems powerful in explaining a country's exports performance since the mid 1980s. The\nproliferation of regionalism and economic integrations in the beginning of 1990-s caused\nthe change in trade pattern. However, we point out that that the change in trade pattern\nhappened only in the short period (in the beginning of economic integrations) i.e. 1990-\n1995 in the case of the EU, the North East Asia and the ASEAN5 and 1995-2001 in the\ncase of the NAFTA.\nChapter 9 analyzes the phenomenon of intra- and inter-industry trade in both\nintra- and inter-regional trade in East Asia. By using a modified intra- and inter-industry\ntrade measures (incorporating intra- and inter-regional trade), we find that intra-regional\ntrade increased significantly in the case of the East Asia and the NAFTA. As the\nimportance of the intra-industry trade increases, the dominance of inter-industry trade\ndecreases in the East Asia. Intra-industry trade in intra-regional trade has larger increases\nthan that in inter-regional trade in the East Asia.\nIn Chapter 10, we examine the PPP hypothesis in the cases of the East Asian\ncountries. The three widely used methods in analyzing PPP i.e. univariate time series of\nReal Exchange Rate (RER); multivariate regression; and Johansen framework of\nmultivariate cointegration give the same conclusion that the PPP hypothesis does not hold\nin the strong sense in the case of all selected East Asian countries. In general, the\nBalassa-Samuelson effect plays significant role in causing deviation away from PPP.\nChapter 1 2 represents concluding remarks.\nSeveral commonanalytical tools are applied, such as Trade Intensity (TI) index,\nRevealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Spearman Rank Correlation,\nTrade Balance Index (TBI), Econometric model, Constant Market Shares (CMS), Intraregional\ntrade (IRT) and Intra-industry trade (Ha) and Effective Rate of Protection (ERP).\nHowever, we have contributed to the empirical analytical tools in international economics\nand applied them in the dissertation. First, we make a new method in analyzing the long\nrun convergence of comparative advantage between two countries, i.e. by testing the\nstationarity of Spearman' s rank correlation coefficients between two countries' Revealed\nSymmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) (Chapter 4). Second, we describe the\nHeckscher-Ohlin (H-O) model in the General Equilibrium framework. We also represent\nthe four common diagrams in one figure to show the clear relationships between\nproduction and consumption general equilibriums. Third, we introduce dummy variables\n(across countries and across industries) in the econometric model, which is commonly\napplied to examine countries' dynamic specialization (Laursen, 1998; Worz, 2005)\n(Chapter 6). Fourth, by combining RSCA and Trade Balance Index (TBI), we make a\nnew analytical tool, namely 'products mapping', which is suitable for analyzing the\n'flying geese' (FG) pattern (Chapter 7). The FG pattern is one of the well-recognized\nmodels to be strongly considered in explaining economic development in East Asia.\nKaname Akamatsu firstly introduced the model in the 1930s, as an analogous sequential\ndevelopment or catching-up process of manufacturing industries in developing countries.\nBy applying the new analytical tool, we examine empirically the FG pattern in East Asia.\nFifth, we refine the CMS method by Learner and Stern (1970) (Chapter 8). Many\nresearchers have tried to explain factors underlying countries' export performance. Paper\nby Tyszynski (1951) provides a fundamental analytical tool, which has been famous as\nConstant Market Shares (CMS). The more comprehensive and applicable version of the\nCMS is proposed by Learner and Stern (1970). However, the Learner and Stern's version\nhas several shortcomings as noted by Richardson (1971a, 1971b), and Fagerberg and\nSollie (1987). In this dissertation, we derive a new version of the Learner and Stern's and\napplies it to examine the export performance of several regions and countries. Sixth, we\nmodify the formula of inter-industry trade and intra-industry trade by Grubel and Lloyd\n(1975) to deal with the phenomena of inter-regional trade and intra-regional trade\n(Chapter 9). This modified formula is referred to as Regional Intra-industry Trade index.\nWeapply the three analytical tools on PPP; univariate time series, multivariate regression\nand Johansen cointegration framework (Chapter 1 0). We examine structure of production\nand calculate the effective rates of protection in Indonesian manufacturing sector\n(Chapter 11).","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10006_version_type_18":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa","subitem_version_type":"AM"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Widodo, Tri"},{"creatorName":"ウィドド, トリ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"332","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Widodo, Tri","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"333","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-02-22"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"D_Widodo(Database).pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.9 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"D_Widodo(Database).pdf","url":"https://hue.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/120/files/D_Widodo(Database).pdf"},"version_id":"8a874676-a1aa-4a9d-b1df-7a86fd52097e"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-02-22"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"D_Widodo(text).pdf","filesize":[{"value":"25.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"D_Widodo(text).pdf","url":"https://hue.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/120/files/D_Widodo(text).pdf"},"version_id":"ec4df916-69a0-455e-9266-6bfcf8536453"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-02-22"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"D_Widodo(Appendix).pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.5 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"D_Widodo(Appendix).pd","url":"https://hue.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/120/files/D_Widodo(Appendix).pdf"},"version_id":"e2a5f8d7-962d-4403-ae67-0781c462577d"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"thesis","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec"}]},"item_title":"Shift in Comparative Advantage, Dynamic Market　and Purchasing Power Parity in the East Asia","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Shift in Comparative Advantage, Dynamic Market　and Purchasing Power Parity in the East Asia","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10006","owner":"1","path":["68"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2023-02-22"},"publish_date":"2023-02-22","publish_status":"0","recid":"120","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Shift in Comparative Advantage, Dynamic Market　and Purchasing Power Parity in the East Asia"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":1},"updated":"2023-07-25T11:23:25.367914+00:00"}